PLEASE HELP What is the mass of sodium in 50 grams of salt? Show your work.

Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Synthetic polymers are the polymers which are made by human beings.

For example, polyester, nylon, polyethylene etc are all synthetic polymers.

Whereas polymers which occur naturally in the environment are known as natural polymers.

For example, rubber, cotton, cellulose etc are all natural polymers.

Out of the given options though polyethylene is a synthetic polymer but it is not used as a fiber.

Hence, we can conclude that nylon is the synthetic polymer which is made into fibers that do not wear out easily.

Answer:

The empirical formula is C₆H₁₀O₇.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Calculate the masses of C, H, and O from the masses given.

Mass of C =  2.0402 g CO₂ × (12.01 g C/44.01 g CO₂) = 0.5568  g C

Mass of H = 0.6955 g H₂O  × (2.016 H/18.02 g H₂O)  = 0.077 81 g H

Mass of O = Mass of compound - Mass of C - Mass of H = (1.500 – 0.5568 – 0.077 81) g = 0.8654 g O

=====

2. Convert these masses to moles.

Moles  C = 0.5568  × 1/12.01  = 0.046 36

Moles H = 0.077 81 × 1/1.008 = 0.077 19

Moles O = 0.8654   × 1/16.00 = 0.054 09

=====

3. Find the molar ratios.

Moles  C = 0.046 36/0.046 36 = 1

Moles H = 0.077 19/0.046 36   = 1.665

Moles O = 0.054 09/0.046 36 = 1.167

======

4. Multiply the ratios by a number to make them close to integers

C  = 1        × 6 = 6

H = 1.665 × 6 = 9.991

O = 1.167 × 6  = 7.001

=====

5. Round the ratios to integers

C:H:O =6:10:7

=====

6. Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula is C₆H₁₀O₇.

=======

7. Calculate the empirical formula mass

C₆H₁₀O₇ = 6×12.01 + 10×1.008 + 7×16.00

C₆H₁₀O₇ = 72.01 + 10.08+ 112.0

C₆H₁₀O₇ = 194.09

=====

8. Divide the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass.  

MM/EFM = 194.14/194.09 = 1.000 ≈ 1

=====

9. Determine the molecular formula

MF = (EF)ₙ = (C₆H₁₀O₇)₁ = C₆H₁₀O₇

It is 78.08

Calcium =40.08

Fluorine = 2×19

40.08 + 38 = 78.08

Answers:  

1.02 g

Explanation:  

We know we will need a balanced equation with masses and molar masses, so let’s gather all the information in one place.  

M_r:       26.98              101.95  

               4Al + 3O₂ ⟶ 2Al₂O₃

Mass/g:   54  

1. Calculate the moles of Al  

Moles Al = 54 × 1/26.98  

Moles Al = 2.00 mol Al  

=====  

2. Calculate the moles of Al₂O₃  

The molar ratio is 2 mol Al₂O₃:4 mol Al  

Moles of Al₂O₃ = 2.00 × 2/4  

Moles of Al₂O₃ = 1.00 mol Al₂O₃

======  

3. Calculate the mass of Al₂O₃  

Mass of Al₂O₃  = 1.00 × 101.95

Mass of Al₂O₃  = 1.02 g

Answer : The mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] produced will be, 101.96 grams

Explanation : Given,

Mass of Al = 54 g

Molar mass of Al = 27 g/mole

Molar mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] = 101.96 g/mole

First we have to calculate the moles of Al.

[tex]\text{Moles of }Al=\frac{\text{Mass of }Al}{\text{Molar mass of }Al}=\frac{54g}{27g/mole}=2mole[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

The given balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]4Al+3O_2\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3[/tex]

From the balanced reaction we conclude that,

As, 4 moles of Al react to give 2 moles of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

So, 2 moles of Al react to give [tex]\frac{2}{4}\times 2=1mole[/tex] of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }Al_2O_3=\text{Moles of }Al_2O_3\times \text{Molar mass of }Al_2O_3=1mole\times 101.96g/mole=101.96g[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] produced will be, 101.96 grams

[tex]\text{Li}^{2+} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{3+} \; (g)+ \text{e}^{-}[/tex]

Ionization energy is what it takes to free one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms or ions.

The first ionization energy takes electrons away from a neutral atom. The atom here has to be gaseous.

[tex]\text{Li}^{} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{+} \; (g)+ \text{e}^{-}[/tex]

The second ionization energy removes one electron from the [tex]\text{Li}^{+}[/tex] ion. The ion shall also be gaseous.

[tex]\text{Li}^{+} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{2+} \; (g)+ \text{e}^{-}[/tex]

Removes one more electron. Doing so will convert the [tex]\text{Li}^{2+} \; (g)[/tex] ion to a gaseous [tex]\text{Li}^{3+}[/tex].

[tex]\text{Li}^{2+} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{3+} \; (g) + \text{e}^{-}[/tex].

The process above removes the third electron from lithium. Its energy change is the third ionization energy of this element.

The chemical equation representing the third ionization energy for lithium is;

[tex]Li^{2+} + e^{-} -----> Li^{3+}[/tex]

Ionization is the loss of electrons. The energy required for electrons to be lost is called the ionization energy.

For an atom having n electrons, there can be n number of ionization energies as electrons are successively lost from the atom.

The equation showing the third ionization energy of lithium has been shown above.

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The correct answer is option C, that is, hypothesis.  

The hypothesis is the starting building block in the scientific method. It is also illustrated as an educated guess, based on previous observation and knowledge. A hypothesis refers to a recommended solution for an unexplained event, which does not fit into the present accepted scientific theory.  

The fundamental concept of a hypothesis is that there is no pre-determined result. For a hypothesis to be considered as scientific hypothesis, it has to be something, which can be refuted or supported via carefully crafted observation or experimentation.  

Explanation:

The products of chemical reaction will be as follows.

      [tex]AgI + Fe_{2}(CO_{3})_{3} \rightarrow FeI_{3} + Ag_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]

To balance the equation, we will count the number of atoms on both reactant and product sides as follows.

Number of atoms on reactant side are as follows.

Number of atoms on product side are as follows.

We will balance the equation by multiplying AgI by 6 on the reactant side and [tex]FeI_{3}[/tex] by 2 and [tex]Ag_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] by 3 on the product side. Therefore, balanced chemical equation will be as follows.

   [tex]6AgI + Fe_{2}(CO_{3})_{3} \rightarrow 2FeI_{3} + 3Ag_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]

In this reaction, iron is replaced by silver and carbonate is replaced by iodide. Thus, it is a double displacement reaction.

where P is the pressure (atm),

V is the volume (L),

n is the number of moles,

R is the general gas constant (8.314 L.atm/mol.K),

T is the temperature in Kelvin

P1 = 3.20 atm, T1 = 300 K, T2 = 290 K, P2 = ??

(3.20 atm)(290 K) = P2(300 K)

P2 = (3.20 atm)(290 K)/ (300 K) = 3.093 atm

Answer: 3.093 atm

I got it right on my quiz

Explanation:

V is the volume (L),

n is the number of moles,

R is the general gas constant (8.314 L.atm/mol.K),

T is the temperature in Kelvin

at constant volume of the gas: P1T2 = P2T1

P1 = 3.20 atm, T1 = 300 K, T2 = 290 K, P2 = ??

(3.20 atm)(290 K) = P2(300 K)

P2 = (3.20 atm)(290 K)/ (300 K) = 3.093 atm

Answer :  15675 J of heat was transferred.

Solution : Given,

Mass of liquid water = 75 g

Specific heat capacity = [tex]4.18J/g^oC[/tex]

Initial temperature = [tex]25^oC[/tex]

Final temperature = [tex]75^oC[/tex]

Formula used :

[tex]q=mc\Delta T\\\\q=mc(T_{final}-T_{initial})[/tex]

where,

q = heat energy

m = mass

c = specific heat capacity

[tex]\Delta T[/tex] = change in temperature

[tex]T_{initial}[/tex] = initial temperature

[tex]T_{final}[/tex] = final temperature

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get

[tex]q=mc(T_{final}-T_{initial})[/tex]

[tex]q=(75g)\times (4.18J/g^oC)\times (75-25)^oC[/tex]

[tex]q=15675J[/tex]

Therefore, 15675 J of heat was transferred.

The statements of Dalton atomic theory are

All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.

Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element

Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine to form compounds

Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated from each other, joined, or rearranged in a different combination.

The charges in the finger are attracted by the charges in the doorknob because charges that are the same repel each other. Charges that are different attract each other. The electric field is pulled toward the other charged object if their charges are different.

The answer is; D

While electromagnetic waves travel at an astounding 3.00 x 10^8 m/s and any delay seems imperceptible in short distances, in long distances, the waves take some time to reach the other end. This is why there is usually a small delay when ground communication tries to reach astronauts in space.  Also, remember that when a communication is relayed from the earth, it has to reach the destination and then wait for a response back to earth which covers the same distance or longer/shorter if the target is moving.

The distance to the moon is 384,400 km, therefore multiply this by 2 = 768,800 km

768,800,000m/300,000,000m = 2. 56 seconds

Therefore radio waves sent to the moon from earth will have a minimum  2.5  seconds delay not considering the processing time of this communication by the destination before sending feedback.  ‘Over to you’ signals end of a message by the messenger hence allowing the other messenger on the other to respond.  

The correct option is D) distance to the moon and the speed of electromagnetic waves.

The over-to method of communication is used to manage the delay in communication between Earth and the Apollo astronauts. This delay is a result of the finite speed of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, and the significant distance between Earth and the moon.

Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792 kilometres per second (km/s) in a vacuum. Since the average distance from Earth to the moon is about 384,400 km, it takes radio signals about 1.28 seconds to travel one way, resulting in a round-trip communication delay of approximately 2.56 seconds.

Let's examine the other options to understand why they are incorrect:

A) Scattering of electromagnetic waves in space: While scattering can affect the clarity of a signal, it does not cause a consistent delay in communication. The delay is due to the travel time of the waves over the vast distance.

B) Fact that sound waves do not travel in a vacuum: This is true, but it is not relevant to the communication between Earth and the Apollo astronauts, which uses radio waves (electromagnetic waves), not sound waves. Radio waves can travel through the vacuum of space.

C) Poor reflective nature of the surface of the moon: The reflective nature of the moon's surface can affect communication when signals are bounced off the moon (such as in Earth-Moon-Earth communication), but it does not cause the primary delay in direct Earth-to-moon communication. The delay is due to the distance and the speed of the radio waves.

Therefore, the delay in communication that necessitates the over-to method is due to the distance to the moon and the speed of electromagnetic waves.

The given statement that Koch's postulates would not be an effective method of determining the cause of hemophilia is true.

Hemophilia is a rare disorder which is due to genes abnormality or it is a genetic disorder, so we cannot apply Koch's postulate on it.

Answer:

The reaction force accelerates the bat in a direction opposite that of the ball.

Explanation:

your welcome! (; (:

Nuclear fuel

hope this helps!

if i remember correctly its plutonium

The correct name for CoC12 is called phosgene.

The correct name for CoCI2 is cobalt(II) chloride. The word "chloride" means that there are chlorine ions in the substance.

Cobalt(II) chloride is a chemical made of cobalt and chlorine. The chemical formula for this substance is CoCl2. The word "cobalt(II) chloride" comes from a way of naming chemicals called  the Stock system. This system is used to name compounds that are not made of living things.

The name "cobalt(II)" tells us that the cobalt ion in this compound has an oxidation state of +2. The symbol "II" in Roman numeral stands for the oxidation state.

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Answer:

Southern Ocean

Explanation:

The Southern ocean is also referred to as the Antarctic ocean. It is the oceans below the latitude 60 degrees South. The currents in this oceans (Antarctic Circumpolar Current) circulate around Antarctica also shielding it from warmer waters from the equatorial regions. This keeps the Antartic region cold.

The ocean that surrounds Antarctica at the South Pole is the southern ocean. Therefore, option D is correct.

The Southern Ocean is the ocean that surrounds Antarctica at the South Pole. It is also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean.

The Southern Ocean is unique among the world's oceans because it is defined by its current patterns and the specific characteristics of the water surrounding Antarctica.

The Southern Ocean is characterized by its cold temperatures, strong winds, and powerful ocean currents. It is known for having some of the roughest seas and most extreme weather conditions on Earth.

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Answer: The correct answer is Option A.

Explanation:

Equilibrium is defined as the condition when the concentration of the reactants and products are constant. The ratio of their concentration remains constant, it does not vary.

The forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.

Rate of forward reaction = Rate of backward reaction

From the graph, it is clearly visible that the reaction reached equilibrium a 2.75 seconds, where the concentration of reactants and concentration of products are constant. After this point, the concentration of products starts to increase and the concentration of reactants starts to decrease.

Hence, the correct answer is Option A.

B liquid hope this helps :)

Final answer:

The correct option is (b)"liquid". A substance that forms a vapor at room temperature is most often in the "liquid" state. This process is known as vaporization and is influenced by temperature and air pressure. The gaseous state of a substance that is typically a liquid or solid at room temperature is referred to as vapor.

Explanation:

A substance that forms a vapor at room temperature is generally in the liquid state. An example of this would be water, which exists as a liquid at room temperature and can evaporate into the air, forming water vapor. This process is known as vaporization (evaporation). The reverse process, where vapor condenses back into a liquid, is known as condensation. The phenomenon that describes the amount of gas from the substance that is present above the liquid is termed the vapor pressure of the liquid.

Matter typically exists in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas. The state a substance exhibits depends partly on the environmental conditions, such as temperature and air pressure. It should be noted that while gases and vapors are both found in the gaseous state, the term 'vapor' specifically refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

1.04 ⨯ 10[tex]^{-4}[/tex] M

A = ε [tex]\cdot l \cdot c[/tex] by the Beer-Lambert law, where

A and ε are the same for both solutions. Therefore, [tex]l \cdot c[/tex] is constant; [tex]l[/tex] is inversely proportional to [tex]c[/tex]. The 100 mL sample would have a concentration 1/4.78 times that of the 45.0 mL reference.

The 13.0 mL standard solution has a concentration of 5.17 ⨯ [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M. Diluting it to 45.0 mL results in a concentration of [tex]5.17 \times 10^{-4} \times \frac{13.0}{45.0} =[/tex] 1.494 M.

[tex]c[/tex] is inversely related to [tex]l[/tex] for the two solutions. As a result, c₂ = [tex] c_1 \cdot \frac{l_1}{l_2} = 1.494 \times 10^{-4} \times \frac{1}{4.78} =[/tex] 3.126 M.

The 30.0 mL sample has to be diluted by 30.0 / 100.0 times to produce the 100.0 mL solution being tested. The 100.0 mL solution has a concentration of 3.126 M. Therefore, the 30.0 mL solution has a concentration of [tex]3.126 \times \frac{100.0}{30.0} =[/tex] 1.04 ⨯ [tex]10^{-4}[/tex] M.

1) Answer is: D. Writing a hypothesis.

The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations.

Steps of the scientific method:

1) ask a question about something that is observed.

2) do background research.

3) construct a hypothesis, an attempt to answer questions with an explanation that can be tested.

4) test of hypothesis.

5) analyze collected data and draw a conclusion.

2) Answer is: A. Carbon and oxygen are chemically bonded in it.

A compound (in this example carbon dioxide CO₂) is a pure substance because its molecule cannot be broken down into simpler particles by physical means.

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules composed of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) are inorganic compounds with covalent bonds between carbon and oxygen.

3) Answer is: B. Components that are mixed can be in different states of matter.

A single substance can be used to make a mixture if the substance is composed of more than one element is not correct, because mixture is composed of at least two substances. For example mixture of water and alcohol ethanol.

There is a definite recipe to make each mixture, so the composition of a mixture is set is not correct, because composition of mixture can vary.

Components that are mixed can be in different states of matter is correct, for example mixture of salt (solid) and water (liquid).

 The volume in liters  occupied  by 22.6 g  of I₂  gas  at STP  is  1.99 L (answer A)

 calculation

Step: find the  moles of I₂

moles= mass÷  molar mass

from  periodic table the  molar mass  of I₂  is  253.8 g/mol

moles = 22.6 g÷253.8 g/mol =0.089 moles

Step 2:find the volume  of I₂  at STP

At STP  1  moles =22.4 L

         0.089 moles= ? L

by cross  multiplication

={ (0.089 moles x 22.4 L) /1 mole} = 1.99 L

Answer:

Atlantic Ocean

Indian Ocean

Explanation:

Africa is bounded to the West by the Atlantic ocean and to the east by the Red sea and the Indian Ocean.

To the North, the Mediterranean separates Africa from Europe.

Around southern Africa, the Atlantic and Indian Ocean meets where they form the southern extreme of the continental mass.

The oceans around Africa plays a lot of important economic role on the continent.

Answer:

The correct answers are: Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean

Explanation:

Hello!

Let's solve this!

The African continent is located in southern Europe.

It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is also surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea.

In this case the correct answers are: Indian Ocean and Atlantic Ocean

In the balanced chemical equation 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, the coefficients represent 2 moles of hydrogen gas reacting with 1 mole of oxygen gas to produce 2 moles of water. So the correct option is D.

The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation provide the molar ratio of the reactants and products involved in the reaction. For the equation, 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, the coefficients indicate the following: The 2 before H2 means 2 moles of hydrogen gas are needed, the O2 has no coefficient in front which means 1 mole of oxygen gas is required, and the 2 before H2O represents 2 moles of water are produced. The coefficients reflect the conservation of mass and atoms in the reaction, ensuring that the number of atoms for each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

The correct answer is option d, that is, the solubility of a solid is highly dependent on temperature.  

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a component, which will get dissolved in a given concentration of solvent at a particular temperature. The temperature influences the solubility of both gases and solids. The temperature has a direct influence on solubility.  

For most of the ionic solids, enhancing the temperature elevates how briskly the solution can be formed. With the increase in temperature, the movement of the solid particles takes place briskly that enhances the chances that they will associate with the majority of the solvent particles. This leads to enhancing the rate at which the solution takes place.  

The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry. There are two components in the solution and these are solute and solvent.

The correct answer is option D, that is, the solubility of a solid is highly dependent on temperature.  

For most of the ionic solids, enhancing the temperature elevates how briskly the solution can be formed. With the increase in temperature, the movement of the solid particles takes place briskly that enhancing the chances that they will associate with the majority of the solvent particles. This leads to enhancing the rate at which the solution takes place.  

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

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For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number. The main group number for an element can be found from its column on the periodic table. For example, carbon is in group 4 and has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen is in group 6 and has 6 valence electrons.

The number of valence electrons an atom has can usually be determined by its group number in the periodic table. However, for ions, adjustments have to be made for the lost or gained electrons. Exceptions exist such as transition metals and hydrogen.

You can determine the number of valence electrons an atom has by considering its position in the periodic table. For main group elements, the group number (excluding any Roman numerals or A/B designations in some versions of the table) often indicates the number of valence electrons. For example, Sodium (Na), located in Group 1, has 1 valence electron, and Oxygen (O), located in Group 6, has 6 valence electrons.

However, for ions, you need to consider if an atom has lost or gained electrons. For a positive ion (cation), such as NO*, subtract the number of positive charges (equal to the number of lost electrons) from the number of valence electrons. For a negative ion (anion), such as CHO₂, add the number of negative charges (equal to the number of gained electrons) to the initial number of valence electrons.

Further, do note that there are exceptions. For instance, transition metals do not strictly follow these general rules due to their unique electron configurations. Additionally, hydrogen, though located in Group 1, is not a metal and only needs 2 electrons to fill its shell, again an exception to the octet rule.

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i believe the answer would be zinc or Zn

Answer is: mass of slaked lime is 6.92 grams.

Balanced chemical reaction: Ca(OH)₂ + 2NH₄Cl → CaCl₂ + 2NH₃ + 2H₂O.

m(NH₄Cl) = 10 g; mass of ammonium chloride.

M(NH₄Cl) = 14 + 1·4 + 35.5 · g/mol.

M(NH₄Cl) = 53.5 g/mol; molar mass of ammonium chloride.

n(NH₄Cl) = m(NH₄Cl) ÷M(NH₄Cl).

n(NH₄Cl) = 10 g ÷ 53.5 g/mol.

n(NH₄Cl) = 0.187 mol; amount of ammonium chloride.

From balanced chemical reaction: n(NH₄Cl) : n(Ca(OH)₂) = 2 : 1.

n(Ca(OH)₂) = 0.093 mol.

m(Ca(OH)₂) = n(Ca(OH)₂) · M(Ca(OH)₂).

m(Ca(OH)₂) = 0.093 mol · 74.1 g/mol.

m(Ca(OH)₂) = 6.92 g.

You may not be able to see the sugar you've stirred into your tea, coffee or hot chocolate, but it's still there. Rather than disappearing completely, it dissolves. When a solute is dissolved in another substance, a solution is created. So when you prepare your hot beverage, the sugar is the solute, the water is the substance and the finished product is the solution. Working out how to dissolve sugar faster involves some interesting experiments that you can easily carry out at home with sugar cubes and cups of water.

Agitation, temperature, and surface area of the dissolving particles determine how fast the substance will dissolve.

to increase the rate of sugar dissolving in a cup of tea:

Agitation - by stirring w a spoon, the sugar solid will be agitated n dissolve faster in tea.

temperature - by heating the tea, the sugar will dissolve faster in tea.

surface area of dissolving particles - by using granular sugar instead of sugar cube, the contact surface area w tea is increased. granular sugar will dissolve faster in tea.