Answer:
d. the mobility of electrons
Explanation:
Covalent bond is the bond which is formed with the sharing of the electrons between the two atoms which are taking place in the bond. It is generally formed between the atoms with similar electronegativity values.
Metallic bond is the bond which is formed by electrostatic attraction force between the positively charged metal ions and the conduction electrons.
Thus, in metallic bond, there is a formation of conduction band and the valence band where the electrons have mobility and have transitions in between them but in covalent bonding, the electrons are shared in the bond and are not mobile.
Answer:
D. the mobility of electrons
Is a Magnesium ribbon (Mg) a pure substance or a mixture ?
Answer:
mixture
Explanation:
Answer: Yes or True
Explanation:
Blood is a Mixture. It's a Homo Mixture because it's made up of more than one substance. a shiny magnesium ribbon is burned in air, to form a grayish powder called magnesium oxide. is this oxide an element, compound or mixture. ... It's a compound, because oxygen and magnesium make magnesium oxide.
A voltaic cell is constructed from an Ni2+(aq)−Ni(s) half-cell and an Ag+(aq)−Ag(s) half-cell. The initial concentration of Ni2+(aq) in the Ni2+−Ni half-cell is [Ni2+]= 1.40×10−2 M . The initial cell voltage is +1.12 V .
Explanation:
For what I can see, is missing the concentration of [Ag+] in the half-cell. To calculate it:
Niquel half-cell
Oxidation reaction: [tex]Ni \longrightarrow Ni^{2+}+2 e^-[/tex]
[tex]E=E^0 - \frac{R*T}{n*F}*ln(1/[Ni^{2+}])[/tex]
Assuming T=298 K / R=8.314 J/mol K / F=96500 C
[tex]E=-0.23V - \frac{8.314*298}{2*96500}*ln(1/0.014M)[/tex]
[tex]E=-0.285V[/tex]
Silver half-cell
Reduction reaction: [tex]Ag^+ + e^- \longrightarrow Ag[/tex]
[tex]E=E^0 - \frac{R*T}{n*F}*ln(1/[Ag+])[/tex]
[tex]E_{cell}=E_{red} - E_{ox}[/tex]
[tex]E_{red}=1.12 V + (-0.855V)=0.835V[/tex]
Assuming T=298 K / R=8.314 J/mol K / F=96500 C
[tex]0.835V=0.8V - \frac{8.314*298}{1*96500}*ln(1/[Ag+])[/tex]
[tex][Ag+]=0.26 M[/tex]
Final answer:
A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the anode and cathode compartments have different concentrations of a reactant. The initial cell voltage of +1.12 V indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed in the forward direction.
Explanation:
A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the anode and cathode compartments are identical except for the concentration of a reactant. In this case, the concentration of Ni2+(aq) is different in the two compartments of the voltaic cell. As the reaction proceeds and the concentrations equilibrate, the measured potential difference between the two compartments will decrease until it reaches zero. The initial cell voltage of +1.12 V indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and will proceed in the forward direction.
Which equation is correctly balanced? Group of answer choices LaTeX: A) Ca\:+Cl_2\:\longrightarrow\:CaCl C a + C l 2 ⟶ C a C l LaTeX B) Ca\:+Cl_2\:\longrightarrow\:Ca_2Cl C a + C l 2 ⟶ C a 2 C l LaTeX C) 2H_2\:+O_2\:\longrightarrow\:2H_2O 2 H 2 + O 2 ⟶ 2 H 2 O LaTeX D) H_2\:+O_2\:\longrightarrow\:H_2O
Answer: [tex]2H_2+O_2\longrightarrow 2H_2O[/tex]
Explanation:
Law of conservation of matter : It states that matter can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form.
Balanced chemical reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the number of atoms of individual elements present on reactant side must be equal to the product side.
A) [tex]Ca+Cl_2\longrightarrow CaCl[/tex]
B) [tex]Ca+Cl_2\longrightarrow Ca_2Cl[/tex]
C) [tex]2H_2+O_2\longrightarrow 2H_2O[/tex] is correctly balanced as the number of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are equal on the both side of the reaction.
D) [tex]H_2+O_2\longrightarrow H_2O[/tex]
Use the Bohr model to calculate the radius and the energy of the B⁴⁺ ion in the n 3 state. How much energy would be required to remove the electrons from 1 mol of B⁴⁺ in this state? What frequency and wavelength of light would be emitted in a transition from the n 3 to the n 2 state of this ion? Express all results in SI units.
Answer:
E = 3.6 x 10⁶ J/mol
f = 1.1 x 10 ¹⁶ s⁻¹
λ = 2.6 x 10⁻⁸ m
Explanation:
Rydberg´s equation for hydrogen-like atoms is:
1/λ = Z²Rh (1/n₁² - 1/n₂²)
where λ = wavelength
Z² = atomic number of hydrogen-like atom
Rh= Rydberg´s constatn
n₁ = principal quantum number of initial state
n₂ = principal quantum number of final state
We also know that E = h(c/ λ ) = hf, where f is frequency equal to c/λ, so we have all the information needed to answer the questions.
a) We are asked the energy to remove the electron from 1 mol of B⁴⁺ , that means the transition is from n₁ = 3 to n₂ = ∞. The term 1/n₂ approaches zero in the infinity so:
Working in SI units
1/λ = 5² x1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹ ( 1/3² - 0) = 3.0 x 10⁷ m⁻¹
E= h(c/ λ )= hc(1/ λ) = 6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J/s x 3 x 10⁸ m/s x (3.0 x 10⁷ m⁻¹)
= 6.0x 10⁻¹⁸ J
This is the energy per atom, so per mol of atoms is
= 6.0x 10⁻¹⁸ J/atom x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol = 3.6 x 10⁶ J/mol
b) f and λ from a transition n= 3 to n=2
1/ λ = 5² x1.097 x 10⁷ m⁻¹ x ( 1/2² - 1/3²) = 3.8 x 10⁷ m⁻¹ ⇒
λ = 1/ 3.8 x 10⁷ m⁻¹ = 2.6 x 10⁻⁸ m
f = 3 x 10⁸ m/s / 2.6 x 10⁻⁸ m = 1.1x 10 ¹⁶ s⁻¹
Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much as atp as glycolysis alone?
Answer: Aerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration is the process that takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces the most ATP.
ETC, or Electron Transport chain specifically produces the most ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process that takes place in the presence of oxygen, producing almost 20 times more ATP than glycolysis alone. It occurs in the mitochondria or inner part of the cell membrane and is a part of the aerobic catabolism of glucose, which involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Explanation:The process that takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much ATP as glycolysis alone is known as oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves the movement of electrons through a series of reactions to a final electron acceptor, which is oxygen. These reactions take place in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells or the inner part of the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells.
Most of the ATP generated during the aerobic catabolism of glucose is actually from oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves a series of complex steps, beginning with glycolysis, followed by the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle), and ending with the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down to form pyruvate. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate continues on to the Krebs cycle, where more ATP is generated along with the energy-carrying molecules NADH and FADH2. It's these molecules that pass on to the next step— the electron transport chain— where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. The result is the production of a large amount of ATP from the energy of the electrons removed from hydrogen atoms in the glucose molecule.
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For the reaction 2A(g) + B(g) → 2C(g), when the concentration of substance B in the reaction above is doubled, all other factors being held constant, it is found that the rate of the reaction remains unchanged. The most probable explanation for this observation is that
Answer:
Substance B is not involved in the rate-determining step of the mechanism, but is involved in subsequent steps
Explanation:
According to the law of mass action:-
The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the active concentration of the reactant which each are raised to the experimentally determined coefficients which are known as orders. The rate is determined by the slowest step in the reaction mechanics.
Order of in the mass action law is the coefficient which is raised to the active concentration of the reactants. It is experimentally determined and can be zero, positive negative or fractional.
The order of the whole reaction is the sum of the order of each reactant which is raised to its power in the rate law.
Thus, Given that:- The change in the concentration of B does not affect the rate of the reaction. Hence, the order of B must be zero.
Hence, the answer is;- substance B is not involved in the rate-determining step of the mechanism, but is involved in subsequent steps
The reaction is zero-order concerning B, which explains why doubling its concentration doesn't affect the reaction rate. However, the order concerning A cannot be determined from the provided information.
For the reaction 2A(g) + B(g) → 2C(g), when the concentration of substance B is doubled and the rate of the reaction remains unchanged, it suggests that the reaction rate is independent of the concentration of B. This means that the reaction is zero-order with respect to B; the concentration of B does not affect the reaction rate. The rate law for this reaction could therefore be expressed as r = k[A]²[B], indicating that the reaction is second-order with respect to A and zero-order with respect to B.
1) When chromium chloride, CrCl2, is dissolved in water, the temperature of the water decreases. a) Is the heat of solution exothermic or endothermic? b) Which is stronger—the attractive forces between water molecules and chromium and chloride ions, or the combined ionic bond strength of CrCl2 and intermolecular forces between water molecules? Explain.
Answer:
Explanation: It has been given that the temperature of the water decreases when chromium chloride is dissolved in water. Thus fall in the temperature explains the fact that the bond energies of the reactants have more energy rather than the products.
a) Thus the heat of the solution is endothermic in nature as more energy is needed to break the reactant molecules.
b) The combined ionic bond strength of CrCl2 and inter molecular forces between water molecules must be stronger than the attractive forces between the water molecules and chromium and chloride ions as the reaction is endothermic in nature thus more energy would be required to break the bonds between the reactants hence making them more stronger.
In a reaction between carbon monoxide and ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4), the theoretical yield in the experiment is calculated as 47.2 g iron. However, when a student performed the experiment, the actual yield was 41.9 g iron. Calculate the percentage yield.
Answer:88.8%
Explanation:
%yield= actual yield/theoretical yield * 100/1
41.9/47.2*100/1= 88.8%
A regression analysis involved 17 independent variables and 697 observations. The critical value of t for testing the significance of each of the independent variable's coefficients will have a. 696 degrees of freedom b. 713 degrees of freedom c. 679 degrees of freedom d. 714 degrees of freedom
Final answer:
The correct degrees of freedom for testing the significance of coefficients in a regression analysis with 17 independent variables and 697 observations is 679. The correct option is c.
Explanation:
The critical value of t for testing the significance of each of the independent variable's coefficients in a regression analysis with 17 independent variables and 697 observations depends on the degrees of freedom (df).
The correct degrees of freedom in this setting is calculated as the number of observations minus the number of independent variables minus one, which is df = 697 - 17 - 1. Therefore, the degrees of freedom (df) for the t-test is 679 (Option c).
What kinds of information does a structural formula reveal about the compound it represents
Answer:
In organic chemistry, the structural formula shows the bonding and general layout of the molecule.
Explanation:
It can also help in naming the molecule, as many compounds with the same molecular formula have different structural formulas, for example cycloalkanes and alkenes, or aldehydes and ketones.
It tells us about the constituents of the compound, or in other words, the functional groups present. This enables us to predict what kind of properties the compound has and what kind of reactions it can undergo.
It can also help us determine the stereochemistry (shape and spatial orientation) of the compound. This is especially important in organic chemistry and organic chemstry, since certain important reactions will proceed if and only if a molecule with the right shape is employed.
Two monoprotic acid solutions (A and B) are titrated with identical NaOH solutions. The volume to reach the equivalence point for solution A is twice the volume required to reach the equivalence point for solution B, and the pH at the equivalence point of solution A is higher than the pH at the equivalence point for solution B.
a. The acid in solution A is less concentrated than in solution B and is also a weaker acid than that in solution B.
b. The acid in solution A is more concentrated than in solution B and is also a stronger acid than that in solution B.
c. The acid in solution A is less concentrated than in solution B and is also a stronger acid than that in solution B.
d. The acid in solution A is more concentrated than in solution B and is also a weaker acid than that in solution B.
Answer:
i think it will be c. The acid in solution A is less concentrated than in solution B and is also a stronger acid than that in solution B. im not for sure
Explanation:
As per the concept of strength and pH of acids the acid in solution A is more concentrated than in solution B as it requires more volume of titrant to reach equivalence point and is also a weaker acid than that in solution B as it's pH is more than that of solution B.
What is an acid?Acids are defined as substances which on dissociation yield H+ ions , and these substances are sour in taste. Compounds such as HCl, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃ are acids as they yield H+ ions on dissociation.
According to the number of H+ ions which are generated on dissociation acids are classified as mono-protic , di-protic ,tri-protic and polyprotic acids depending on the number of protons which are liberated on dissociation.
Acids are widely used in industries for production of fertilizers, detergents batteries and dyes.They are used in chemical industries for production of chemical compounds like salts which are produced by neutralization reactions.
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Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(II) chloride are mixed together. Which statement is correct?
A. CuS will precipitate from solution.
B. No reaction will occur.
C. NaCl will precipitate from solution.
D. A gas is released.
E. Both NaCl and CuS precipitate from solution.
Answer:
Correct statement is A.
Explanation:
Let's see the reactions:
2Na⁺ + S⁻² → Na₂S (aq)
This salt is soluble
CuCl₂ (aq) → Cu²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
This is an insoluble salt.
Cu²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) + 2Na⁺ (aq) + S⁻² (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + CuS (s) ↓
No molecules or gas are formed. (Option D, FALSE)
NaCl does not precipitate, because it'a soluble salt (OPTION E or C are false)
Option B is also false. There is a reaction, of precipitation.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Firstly, let’s write a chemical equation for the observation:
Na2S + CuCl2 → CuS + 2NaCl
It should be noted that the copper sulphide is a solid and the sodium chloride is in the aqueous form.
B. Is incorrect. A chemical reaction will occur. The chemical reaction will yield copper sulphide and aqueous sodium chloride.
C. is incorrect. Sodium chloride is in the solution form and cannot precipitate in that form.
D. Is incorrect as no gas is released
E. Is incorrect, only copper sulphide will precipitate.
A deficiency in B6 (pyridoxal phosphate) would negatively impact which of the following pathways: 1. Metabolism of homocysteine to cysteine 2. Metabolism of phenylalanine to tyrosine 3. Conversion of methyl malonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA
Answer:
The correct answer is 1.
Explanation:
The metabolism of homocysteine produces a sulfur amino acid that is normally formed from methionine during the fulfillment of its function as a donor of methyl groups. Metabolic fate such as remethylation and transsulfuration, involving the enzymatic forms of the vitamins folacin, B12, and B6, gives rise to homocysteine and mixed disulfides including so-called protein-linked homocysteine, the main form circulating in plasma. B6 deficiency would have a direct impact on the metabolism of homocysteine to cysteine.
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When the reaction CO2(g) + H2(g) ⇄ H2O(g) + CO(g) is at equilibrium at 1800◦C, the equilibrium concentrations are found to be [CO2] = 0.24 M, [H2] = 0.24 M, [H2O] = 0.48 M, and [CO] = 0.48 M. Then an additional 0.34 moles per liter of CO2 and H2 are added. When the reaction comes to equilibrium again at the same temperature, what will be the molar concentration of CO?
Answer:
The new molar concentration of CO at equilibrium will be :[CO]=1.16 M.
Explanation:
Equilibrium concentration of all reactant and product:
[tex][CO_2] = 0.24 M, [H_2] = 0.24 M, [H_2O] = 0.48 M, [CO] = 0.48 M[/tex]
Equilibrium constant of the reaction :
[tex]K=\frac{[H_2O][CO]}{[CO_2][H_2]}=\frac{0.48 M\times 0.48 M}{0.24 M\times 0.24 M}[/tex]
K = 4
[tex]CO_2(g) + H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons H_2O(g) + CO(g)[/tex]
Concentration at eq'm:
0.24 M 0.24 M 0.48 M 0.48 M
After addition of 0.34 moles per liter of [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2[/tex] are added.
(0.24+0.34) M (0.24+0.34) M (0.48+x)M (0.48+x)M
Equilibrium constant of the reaction after addition of more carbon dioxide and water:
[tex]K=4=\frac{(0.48+x)M\times (0.48+x)M}{(0.24+0.34)\times (0.24+0.34) M}[/tex]
[tex]4=\frac{(0.48+x)^2}{(0.24+0.34)^2}[/tex]
Solving for x: x = 0.68
The new molar concentration of CO at equilibrium will be:
[CO]= (0.48+x)M = (0.48+0.68 )M = 1.16 M
The molar concentration of CO is 1.16 M.
What is molar concentration?Molar concentration is a measurement of a chemical species concentration in a solution in terms of the amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
The reaction is
[tex]\rm CO_2(g) + H_2(g) <-> H_2O(g) + CO(g)[/tex]
Equilibrium concentration of reactant and product is
[CO2] = 0.24 M, [H₂] = 0.24 M, [H2O] = 0.48 M, and [CO] = 0.48 M
[tex]K =\dfrac{[H_2O] [CO] }{[CO_2] [H_2] } \\\\\\K =\dfrac{[ 0.48] [0.48] }{[0.24] [0.24] } =4[/tex]
Adding 0.34 to [CO2] = 0.24 M, [H₂] = 0.24 M
(0.24+0.34) M (0.24+0.34) M
(0.48+x)M (0.48+x)M
Now the value of K
[tex]4 =\dfrac{ (0.48+x)M (0.48+x)M }{(0.24+0.34) M (0.24+0.34) M } \\x:x = 0.68[/tex]
The molar concentration of CO is
[CO] = (0.48+x)M = (0.48+0.68 )M = 1.16 M
Thus, the molar concentration is 1.16 M.
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What is the standard enthalphy change ΔHo, for the reaction represented above? (ΔHof of C2H2(g) is 230 kJ mol-1; (ΔHof of C6H6(g) is 83 kJ mol-1;)
Answer:
-608KJ/mol
Explanation:
3 C2H2(g) -> C6H6(g)
ΔHrxn = ΔHproduct - ΔHreactant
ΔHrxn= ΔHC6H6 - 3ΔHC2H2
ΔHrxn = 83 - 3(230)
ΔHrxn = -608
The larger the molecules of a substance, the the London forces between them. A larger molecule has more electrons and a greater of having its electron cloud distorted from its nonpolar shape. Thus instantaneous dipoles are more likely to form in larger molecules. The electron clouds in larger molecules are also larger, so the average distance between the nuclei and the electrons is greater; as a result, the electrons are held and shift more easily to create a dipole.
True / False.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
All the above statements buttress the fact that the larger molecule, the greater the magnitude of London forces between the molecules. Each of the statements above is a confirmation/explanation of this general rule.
The statement is true; larger molecules possess stronger London forces due to their larger polarizable electron clouds, making instantaneous dipoles more likely and the resulting dispersion forces stronger.
Explanation:The statement that the larger the molecules of a substance, the stronger the London forces between them is true. This occurs because a larger molecule possesses more electrons, increasing the chances of having its electron cloud distorted, thereby facilitating the formation of instantaneous dipoles. Larger molecules have more polarizable electron clouds, which means they can be distorted more easily and thus, induce stronger London dispersion forces.
London forces are a type of van der Waals force and exist in all molecules, whether polar or nonpolar. They arise from the movements of electrons that create temporary dipoles, which can then induce dipoles in adjacent atoms or molecules. This interaction leads to dispersion forces that increase in strength as the size of the molecules increases. Therefore, larger molecules tend to have higher boiling and melting points due to the stronger London forces present.
For the chemical equation SO 2 ( g ) + NO 2 ( g ) − ⇀ ↽ − SO 3 ( g ) + NO ( g ) the equilibrium constant at a certain temperature is 3.70 . At this temperature, calculate the number of moles of NO 2 ( g ) that must be added to 2.86 mol SO 2 ( g ) in order to form 1.30 mol SO 3 ( g ) at equilibrium.
Answer : The number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] gas added must be, 1.59 moles.
Explanation :
Equilibrium constant : It is defined as the equilibrium constant. It is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants.
The equilibrium expression for the reaction is determined by multiplying the concentrations of products and divided by the concentrations of the reactants and each concentration is raised to the power that is equal to the coefficient in the balanced reaction.
The given equilibrium reaction is,
[tex]SO_2(g)+NO_2(g)\rightleftharpoons SO_3(g)+NO(g)[/tex]
Initial conc. 2.86 x 0 0
At eqm. (2.86-1.30) (x-1.30) 1.30 1.30
The expression of [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] will be,
[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{[SO_3][NO]}{[SO_2]NO_2]}[/tex]
Now put all the given values in this expression, we get:
[tex]3.70=\frac{(1.30)\times (1.30)}{(2.86-1.30)\times (x-1.30)}[/tex]
[tex]x=1.59[/tex]
Thus, the number of moles of [tex]NO_2[/tex] gas added must be, 1.59 moles.
Many hospitals use radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment or in palliative care. Three radioisotopes used in medicine are given. Write the isotope symbol for each radioisotope. Replace the question marks with the proper integers. Replace the letter X with the proper element symbol.
a) Iodine-131:b) Iridium-192:c) Samarium-153:
Answer:
I¹³¹ , Ir¹⁹² ,Sm¹⁵³
Explanation:
Iodine 131 has Symbol I¹³¹
Iridum-192 has Symbol Ir¹⁹²
Samarium-153 has Symbol Sm¹⁵³
In chemistry, what varies with the number of molecules present in a sample of a particular substance?
Answer: concentration
Explanation:
Concentration refers to the amount of a substance present in a sample. The more molecules of a substance present in a sample, the greater its concentration. The less molecules of a substance in a sample, the lesser the concentration. We are often concerned about analytically determining the concentration of a substance using diverse analytical methods in chemistry.
State whether each of the following will be more soluble in water or hexane i. Butane ii. Ch3cooh iii. K2so4
Explanation:
Solubility is determined by the principle , "like dissolves like" .
i.e. , if a compound is polar then it will dissolve in a polar compound only , and
if a compound is non - polar then it will dissolve in a non - polar compound only .
Hence , from the question ,
Water is a polar molecule , and hence it will dissolve only the polar molecule , i.e. , from the given options the polar molecule is , iii. K₂SO₄
Hexane , is a non - polar molecules , hence it will dissolve only the non polar molecule , i.e. , from the given options the non polar molecule is i. Butane .
The substance soluble in water is [tex]\rm ii. CH_3COOH\;\;\; iii. K_2SO_4[/tex]
The substance soluble in hexane is i. Butane
What is solubility?Solubility is the measure that how much solute will be soluble in liquid.
The substance soluble in water are polar solvents. Only these substances are soluble in water.
The substance that are not soluble in water are called non-polar solvents.
The acetic acid and potassium sulfate is soluble in water because it has polar ends that dissolve with the water.
The butane is soluble in hexane not in water because it has non-polar ends.
Thus, The substance soluble in water is [tex]\rm ii. CH_3COOH\;\;\; iii. K_2SO_4[/tex]
The substance soluble in hexane is i. Butane.
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the following solutions are added together: .5l of .5m hcl, 300 ml of .2m naoh, and 100ml of .4m ca(oh)2. calculate the concentration of the excess acid or base
Answer:
[tex]C=0.122M[/tex]
Explanation:
Total volume:
[tex]V= 0.5 L + 0.3 L + 0.1 L=0.9 L[/tex]
Total acid (H+) moles:
[tex]n_{acid}=0.5 L * 0.5 mol/L=0.25 mol[/tex]
Total base (OH-) moles:
[tex]n_{base}=0.3 L*0.2 mol/L + 0.1 L*0.4mol/L*2=0.14mol[/tex]
Excess acid:
[tex]n_{ex}=0.25 mol - 0.14mol=0.11 mol[/tex]
Concentration:
[tex]C=\frac{0.11mol}{0.9L}=0.122M[/tex]
A body cools from 60°C to 50°C in 10 minutes. Find its temperature(in °C) at the end of next 10 minutes
Answer:
40 degrees Celsius
Explanation:
In this kind of question, we need to know what is called a temperature gradient. This means we need to know how the temperature changes with time.
To calculate this , we subtract the initial temperature from the final temperature so that we get the total temperature change. Afterwards, we can now divide the total temperature change by the time taken so we get the gradient.
The total temperature change is 10 degrees celcius. The gradient is 10 degrees Celsius divided by 10 minutes which is equal to 1 degree Celsius per minute. Hence, we conclude that the temperature drops at a rate of 1 degree Celsius per minute.
At the end of next ten minutes, we have a temperature drop of another 10 degrees Celsius. If we subtract this from the final temperature I.e 50, this means we now have a new final temperature of 40 degrees Celsius
What volume of chlorine gas at 45.3oC is needed to react with 14.2g of sodium to form NaCl at 1.72atm?
Answer:
9.4L
Explanation:
In this particular question, we will need to write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine to form sodium chloride.
Na + Cl ——> NaCl
Hence, we can see that 1 mole of chlorine reacts with 1 mole of sodium.
Now, we need to find the exact number of moles of chlorine atom that reacted with 14.2g of sodium. To do this, we simply divide the mass of the sodium by the atomic mass of the sodium which is 23.
Hence, the mass of sodium reacted is 14.2/23 which equals 0.617 moles
Simply because we have the mole ratio to be 1 to 1, it can be deduced that the number of moles of sodium reacted is also 0.617moles
Now, to get the volume of chlorine, we can use the ideal gas equation.
This is :
PV = nRT
V = nRT/P
Given:
v = ?
n = number of moles = 0.617 moles in this case
T = temperature = 45.3 + 273.15 = 318.45K
P = Pressure = 1.72 atm = 1.72 * 101325 pa = 174,279 Pa
R = molar gas constant = 8314.462L.Pa/K.mol
Inserting all these into the equation will yield:
V = (0.617 * 8314.462 * 318.45)/174,279
V = 9.4L
Lavoisier made an important contribution to chemistry by _____.
Answer:
Lavoisier made an important contribution to chemistry by the law of conservation of mass
Explanation:
The law of conservation of mass tell us, that the mass doens't change in a system. You have the same mass at the begining and in the end of a reaction.
Matter is neither created, nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
This law also states that mass of reactants is the same of products in any chemical reaction
Answer:
Identifying substances by weight
Consider the exothermic reaction
2C2H6(g)+7O2(g)→4CO2(g)+6H2O(g)
Calculate the standard heat of reaction, or ΔH∘rxn, for this reaction using the given data. Also consider that the standard enthalpy of the formation of elements in their pure form is considered to be zero.
Reactant or product
ΔH∘f (kJ/mol) C2H6(g) -84.7 CO2(g) -393.5 H2O(g) -241.8
Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Answer:
The answer to your question is -2855 J
Explanation:
Reaction
2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ ⇒ 4CO₂ + 6H₂O
Formula
Heat of reaction = ΔHrxn = ΣΔHrxn products - ΣΔHrxn reactants
Substitution
ΔHrxn = { 4(-393.5) + 6(-241.8)} - {2(-84.7) + 7(0)}
ΔHrxn = {-1574 -1450.8} - {-169.4}
ΔHrxn = -3024.8 + 169.4
ΔHrxn = -2855.4 J
The standard heat of reaction, or ΔH∘rxn, for the given exothermic reaction is calculated using Hess's Law and the provided standard enthalpies of formation, ΔH∘f. By subtracting the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants from that of the products, we find ΔH∘rxn is -2850.0 kJ/mol.
Explanation:To calculate the standard heat of reaction, or ΔH∘rxn, for the given exothermic reaction, we utilize the principle of Hess's Law, which states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step of the reaction. So, we can use the standard enthalpies of formation (ΔH∘f) provided for each reactant and product.
Specifically, ΔH∘rxn is calculated by subtracting the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the reactants from the sum of the standard enthalpies of formation of the products, each multiplied by their stoichiometric coefficients. For this reaction, this gives:
ΔH∘rxn = [4(-393.5) + 6(-241.8)] - [2(-84.7) + 7(0)] = -2850.0 kJ/mol
So, the standard heat of reaction for this exothermic reaction is -2850.0 kJ/mol.
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At which temperature and pressure will a sample of neon gas behave most like an ideal gas?
Answer:
At STP, 760mmHg or 1 atm and OK or 273 degrees celcius
Explanation:
The standard temperature and pressure is the temperature and pressure at which we have the molecules of a gas behaving as an ideal gas. At this temperature and pressure, it is expected that the gas exhibits some properties that make it behave like an ideal gas.
This temperature and pressure conform some certain properties on a gas molecule which make us say it is behaving like an ideal gas. Ordinarily at other temperatures and pressures, these properties are not obtainable
Take for instance, one mole of a gas at stp occupies a volume of 22.4L. This particular volume is not obtainable at other temperatures and pressures but at this particular temperature and pressure. One mole of a gas will occupy this said volume no matter its molar mass and constituent elements. This is because at this temperature and pressure, the gas is expected to behave like an ideal gas and thus exhibit the characteristics which are expected of an ideal gas
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
At which temperature and pressure will a sample of neon gas behave most like an ideal gas?
Choices are as follow:
(1) 100 K and 0.25 atm
(2) 100 K and 25 atm
(3) 400 K and 0.25 atm
(4) 400 K and 25 atm
Explanation:
At low pressure and high temperature there exists no force of attraction or repulsion between the molecules of a gas. Hence, gases behave ideally at these conditions.
Whereas at low temperature there occurs a decrease in kinetic energy of gas molecules and high pressure causes the molecules to come closer to each other.
As a result, there exists force of attraction between the molecules at low temperature and high pressure and under these conditions gases are known as real gases.
For the given conditions, 400 K and 0.25 atm depicts low pressure and high temperature.
Thus, we can conclude that at 400 K and 0.25 atm a sample of neon gas behave most like an ideal gas.
Please help
The following balanced equations represent double replacement reactions that each result in the formation of precipitation. For each reaction, which ratio of reactants would result in the formation of the greatest amount of precipitate? Cu(NO3)2(aq) -> cu(OH)2(s)+ 2NaNO3 (aq) note: Cu(OH)2 is a blue precipitate.
FeSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ->Fe(OH)2 (s) + Na2SO4 (aq) Note: Fe(OH)2 is a dark green precipitate.
Fe(NO3)3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) -> Fe(OH)3 (s) + 3NaNO3 (aq) Note: Fe(OH)3 is a red-orange precipitate
Answer:
1) Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) -> cu(OH)₂(s)+ 2NaNO₃ (aq)
reactants ratio = Cu(NO₃)2 : NaOH = 1:2
2) FeSO₄ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ->Fe(OH)₂ (s) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)
reactants ratio = FeSO₄ : NaOH = 1:2
3) Fe(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) -> Fe(OH)₃ (s) + 3NaNO₃ (aq)
reactants ratio = Fe(NO₃)₃ : NaOH = 1:3
Explanation:
For any reaction to occur completely, the ratio of the reactants should be the ratio of their coefficients is the balanced chemical equation.
A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge is the same for both the reactants and the products.
In our case, we get greatest amount of precipitate only when the reactants completely undergo chemical change and turn into products.
so, when reactants are taken in the ration of balanced equation, the reactants completely form products, where here one of the products is precipitate.
1) Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaOH (aq) -> cu(OH)₂(s)+ 2NaNO₃ (aq)
reactants ratio = Cu(NO₃)2(aq) : NaOH (aq) = 1:2
2) FeSO₄ (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) ->Fe(OH)₂ (s) + Na₂SO₄ (aq)
reactants ratio = FeSO₄ (aq) : NaOH (aq) = 1:2
3) Fe(NO₃)₃ (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) -> Fe(OH)₃ (s) + 3NaNO₃ (aq)
reactants ratio = Fe(NO₃)₃ (aq) : NaOH (aq) = 1:3
Final answer:
To determine the ratio of reactants that would result in the greatest amount of precipitate in each reaction, understanding the stoichiometry of the balanced equations is crucial.
Explanation:
For each reaction, the ratio of reactants that would result in the formation of the greatest amount of precipitate can be determined by examining the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.
In the reaction Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) -> Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq), a 1:3 ratio of Fe(NO3)3 to 3NaOH would produce the most precipitate because each mole of Fe(NO3)3 reacts with 3 moles of NaOH to form Fe(OH)3.
By understanding the stoichiometry of the reactions, you can determine the optimal ratio of reactants to maximize the formation of precipitate.
A student wishes to prepare 2.00 liters of 0.100–molar KIO3 (molecular weight 214). The proper procedure is to weigh out.
Answer:
The mass of KIO3 is 42.8 grams
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Volume = 2.00 L
Molarity = 0.100 molar
Molar mass of KIO3 = 214 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate moles
Moles = Molarity * volume
Moles = 0.100 M * 2.00 L
Moles = 0.200 moles
Step 3: Calculate mass of KIO3
Mass KIO3 = moles KIO3 * molar mass KIO3
Mass KIO3 = 0.200 moles * 214 g/mol
Mass KIO3 = 42.8 grams
The mass of KIO3 is 42.8 grams
To prepare a 2.00-liter, 0.100-molar solution of KIO₃, weigh out 42.8 grams of KIO3, dissolve it in water, and transfer it to a 2.00-liter volumetric flask, filling to the mark with water. Proper labeling and documentation are crucial for accurate and safe experimentation.
To prepare 2.00 liters of a 0.100-molar solution of KIO₃ (potassium iodate) with a molecular weight of 214 g/mol, you need to calculate the mass of KIO₃ required and then follow these steps:
Calculate the moles of KIO₃ needed:
Moles = Molarity × Volume (in liters)
Moles = 0.100 mol/L × 2.00 L = 0.200 moles
Calculate the mass of KIO3 required:
Mass (g) = Moles × Molecular Weight
Mass (g) = 0.200 moles × 214 g/mol = 42.8 grams
Weigh out 42.8 grams of KIO₃ accurately using a laboratory balance.
Place the weighed KIO₃ sample into a suitable container (like a beaker).
Add distilled or deionized water to the container and dissolve the KIO₃ completely. Stir the solution to ensure thorough mixing.
Transfer the solution to a 2.00-liter volumetric flask if available, and then add more water to reach the 2.00-liter mark, making sure the solution is well-mixed.
Cap and label the volumetric flask with the appropriate details, including the chemical name, molarity, and date of preparation.
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What is the atmospheric layer in which solar energy strips electrons from nitrogen and oxygen atoms, causing them to become positive ions.
Answer:
thermosphere
Explanation:
The presence of the isolated molecules of gas in the thermosphere which includes the ionosphere is further broken into smaller ions particles by sun electrons that strip the oxygen and the nitrogen molecules and these ionized gases make up the ionosphere that about 80 o 400 km.The vapor pressure of water and the partial pressure of hydrogen contribute to the total pressure of 715 torr. What is the partial pressure of just H2(g) in atmospheres?
Answer:
0.91 atm is the partial pressure of just hydrogen gas.
Explanation:
Vapor pressure of water , p= 0.0313 atm
Partial pressure of hydrogen gas = [tex]p_{H_2}[/tex]
Total pressure of the water vapors and hydrogen gas = P = 715 Torr
1 atm = 715 Torr
[tex]715 Torr=\frac{715}{760} atm=0.94 atm[/tex]
According Dalton's law of partial pressure:
[tex]P=p+p_{H_2}[/tex]
[tex]0.94 atm=0.0313 atm+p_{H_2}[/tex]
[tex]p_{H_2}=0.94 atm - 0.0313 atm =0.9087 atm \approx 0.91 atm[/tex]
0.91 atm is the partial pressure of just hydrogen gas.