The correct answer is - D: Arthropods.
The arthropods (Arthropoda) are a very large phylum, having almost two million species described so far, and there might be even up to 15 times more than that. The arthropods are one of the oldest organisms that still exist. Their most recognizable characteristics are the exoskeleton, fragmented body, and jointed appendages. They only have an other shell, and do not posses internal skeleton, thus making them hard on the outside, and squishy on the inside. The body is fragmented, the number of fragments is differing from family to family, and that is in order for them to have greater mobility. Another characteristic that enables them greater mobility and flexibility are the jointed appendages. They were also the first more complex organisms that got out on the land, and dominated it for quite some time. Unfortunately for them, they do not have the ability to develop their brains on a higher level, thus they were easily outcompeted by the newly emerging groups of animals and fell into their shades.
Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?
A. Vomer
B. Mandible
C. Lacrimal bone
D. Middle nasal conchae
The mandible is not a facial bone, while the Vomer, Lacrimal bone, and Middle nasal conchae are all facial bones.
Explanation:The bone that is not a facial bone among the options given is the Mandible. The mandible, commonly known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the face and is part of the skull. It is responsible for functions such as talking, chewing, and biting. The other options, the Vomer, Lacrimal bone, and Middle nasal conchae, are all facial bones.
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Digestive enzymes are breaking down the soft tissues of the body:
A. 1-3 days
B. 4-10 days
C. 10-25 days
D. 20-50 days
E. After 50 days
Digestive enzymes and bacteria in the body begin to break down soft tissues within 4-10 days after death. However, external and internal conditions can influence the exact timeframe.
Explanation:The question pertains to the length of time it takes for digestive enzymes to break down the soft tissues of the body after death. The extent of the breakdown is subject to various factors including temperature and moisture levels. Generally, soft tissues start to decompose rapidly and are significantly broken down by intestinal bacteria and enzymes within 4-10 days. Therefore, option B is the most accurate answer. It's also important to note that this is a simplified explanation; in a real-world scenario, the exact timeframe could vary due to external and internal conditions.
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Digestive enzymes don't start breaking down the body's soft tissues until after death, typically beginning this process around 4-10 days afterward.
Explanation:The digestive enzymes within our body work to process food, but they don't begin breaking down the body's soft tissues until after death. Although the exact timeline may vary based on individual circumstances, typically this process begins in earnest around 4-10 days following death (option B). This is when the digestive enzymes start to breakdown the soft tissues. The duration can extend based upon the prevailing conditions like temperature, humidity, etc. Thus, among the given options, the most accurate answer would be option B (4-10 days).
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This is a membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that is the production and transportation of proteins.
The answer is: endoplasmic reticulum.
This organelle is composed of membrane-enclosed structures that look like tube or sacs known as cisternae. Its roles are role in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and lipids. There are two forms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER):
• Rough ER-covered with ribosomes which are the side of protein synthesis
• Smooth ER-involved in synthesis of lipids and steroids
From ER, newly formed proteins are transported to lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane…
Final answer:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the production and transportation of proteins in eukaryotic cells, with processing and packaging occurring in the Golgi apparatus. The rough ER synthesizes proteins, while the Golgi sorts and dispatches them.
Explanation:
The organelle in question is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is crucial in the production, modification, and transportation of proteins within eukaryotic cells. The ER comes in two forms: the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which is studded with ribosomes and is involved in synthesizing membrane-bound and secretory proteins, and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification processes. Proteins synthesized in the RER are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed, sorted, and packaged for distribution inside or outside the cell. The Golgi apparatus functions similarly to a post office, ensuring that proteins are properly tagged and dispatched to their final destinations. Additionally, structure such as the lysosomes and vesicles play a role in cellular storage and transport, with lysosomes being involved in the degradation of cellular waste.
Translation involves several different types of tRNA molecules. Which statement best describes how tRNA molecules assemble amino acids into a polypeptide?
A. One tRNA molecule assembles the polypeptide, and the others assist it.
B. Three tRNA molecules assemble the polypeptide, and the others assist them.
C. Each tRNA molecules assembles a different part of the polypeptide, and all at the same time.
D. The different tRNA molecules act in a specific order, one after the other like an assembly line.
The correct option is d. The different tRNA molecules act in a specific order, one after the other like an assembly line.
The different tRNA molecules act in a specific order, one after the other like an assembly line. During translation, specific tRNA molecules pick up specific amino acids and transfer those amino acids to the ribosome. Here, they insert them in their proper place according to the mRNA genetic "message." Each tRNA is linked to its correct amino acid by an enzyme called aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. This process relies on the anticodon portion of the tRNA molecule complementary base pairing with the codons along the mRNA. Therefore, the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide involves each tRNA acting in sequence, adding amino acids one by one to the growing polypeptide chain.
Certain exposures to radiation can cause cancer. What is the main difference between the use of radiation treatments to treat cancer and exposures that cause cancer?
the radiations that are used to treat cancers are of the gamma type. primarily emitted from cobalt-60 (a radioactive isotope). and it is more controlled than other radiation exposures. i.e. solar radiation which is not controlled.
hope that this helps.
What is the main muscle in the respiratory system?
Answer:
the diaphragm
Explanation:
Which is NOT used to classify organisms?
A. ancestry
B. habitat
C. age of the organism
D. dichotomous key
Answer: dichotomous key
Explanation:
Dichotomous key
The organism is the level of organization that together makes the population and community. The age of the organism is not used to classify the organisms. Thus, option C is correct.
What is the basis of an organism's classification?The organisms are said to be composed of various organ systems that work and functions other to make a whole organism. An organism can be classified and differentiated from others based on their habitats like amphibians and mammals.
They can also be classified based on the common ancestry that is the basis of their origin like the apes and humans. Also, the dichotomous key is used to classify closely related organisms based on shared characteristics. But, the age of the organism is not used to classify them.
Therefore, option C. the age of the organism is not used to classify the organisms.
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Which cell structure is semi-permeable and forms the boundary of the cell
The answer is the Plasma Membrane. The Plasma Membrane is a double-layered structure that surrounds the cell, and provides a shield between the cell and its environment.
Which layer of the sun is only seen during a total solar eclipse?
A) photosphere
B) corona
C) core
D) convectional zone
Answer:
Corona
Explanation:
I took the test
PLEASE PLEASE HELP ME!!!! (10 POINTS!)
1.) How can the Founders Effect lead to microevolution?
2.) How can the Bottleneck Effect lead to microevolution?
Answer:
en Espanol en Español print print
Bottlenecks and founder effects
Genetic drift can cause big losses of genetic variation for small populations.
Population bottlenecks occur when a population's size is reduced for at least one generation. Because genetic drift acts more quickly to reduce genetic variation in small populations, undergoing a bottleneck can reduce a population's genetic variation by a lot, even if the bottleneck doesn't last for very many generations. This is illustrated by the bags of marbles shown below, where, in generation 2, an unusually small draw creates a bottleneck.
Loss of genetic variation as a result of a population bottleneck
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Reduced genetic variation means that the population may not be able to adapt to new selection pressures, such as climatic change or a shift in available resources, because the genetic variation that selection would act on may have already drifted out of the population.
Elephant seal
An example of a bottleneck
Northern elephant seals have reduced genetic variation probably because of a population bottleneck humans inflicted on them in the 1890s. Hunting reduced their population size to as few as 20 individuals at the end of the 19th century. Their population has since rebounded to over 30,000 — but their genes still carry the marks of this bottleneck: they have much less genetic variation than a population of southern elephant seals that was not so intensely hunted.
Founder effects
A founder effect occurs when a new colony is started by a few members of the original population. This small population size means that the colony may have:
reduced genetic variation from the original population.
a non-random sample of the genes in the original population.
For example, the Afrikaner population of Dutch settlers in South Africa is descended mainly from a few colonists. Today, the Afrikaner population has an unusually high frequency of the gene that causes Huntington's disease, because those original Dutch colonists just happened to carry that gene with unusually high frequency. This effect is easy to recognize in genetic diseases, but of course, the frequencies of all sorts of genes are affected by founder events.
Explanation:
The number of births that occur in a period of time in a given area is called? Birth rate death rate life expectancy
The answer is Birth rate.
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for cellular respiration. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis?waterlightATPNADP+
The correct answer is: NADP+
During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane are involved in energy synthesis: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. All of them work together to create the final products ATP and NADPH. Reactions start when a chlorophyll a molecule within the PSII absorbs a photon, and an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level (unstable state). Consequently the electron is transferred from one to another molecule which creates a chain of redox reactions also called electron transport chain.
When starting a new job, Carl’s wife advises him to avoid making quick decisions about his coworkers. The research on thin slices of behavior would suggest that this advice is?
the advice his wife gives him is good because you can't judge a man character based on one or 2 acts it's in their continuous lifestyle
The advice Carl's wife gives him about avoiding quick decisions on his coworkers is backed by research on thin-slice judgments, which suggests that while people can make surprisingly accurate inferences about others with minimal information, these first impressions are often resilient to change even when presented with contrary evidence.
It is wise to reserve judgments, as a more informed view might be quite different from the initial impression. Particularly in new work environments, giving colleagues time to reveal their true character may lead to better working relationships.
Studies show that although quick judgments (thin-slice judgments) can be predictive of behavior, they become more accurate with more information. Furthermore, first impressions tend to have a lasting impact and can be hard to shake even when contradicted by new evidence. Kahneman's research also highlights the importance of promoting careful, effortful thinking within organizations to make important decisions and judgments.
What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms two embryos endosperm?
Answer:
Both the diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed.
Explanation:
An overweight, 14-year-old boy feels tired all the time. he sleeps 12 to 14 hours a day and has a voracious appetite but no energy to burn off the calories. he has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism brought about by the accumulation of a nonpitting mucosus type of edema. for which life-threatening condition should his care team be prepared?
Myxedematous coma
Explanation;Myxedema coma is a severe hypothyroidism leading to decreased mental status, hypothermia, and other symptoms related to slowing of function in multiple organs.it is a loss of brain function as a result of severe, longstanding low level of thyroid hormone in the blood.It is a rare life threatening complication of hypothyroidism.Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?A) Glycolysis is inhibited when cellular energy levels are abundant.B) Krebs cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate; otherwise it is unregulated.C) In the electron transport chain, electrons decrease in energy level as they are transferred from one electron carrier to the next.D) Reactions of the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix.
The statement about cellular respiration that is not true is this: KREB'S CYCLE ACTIVITY IS DEPENDENT SOLELY ON AVAILABILITY OF SUBSTRATES; OTHERWISE IT IS UNREGULATED.
Kreb's cycle refers to the series of biochemical reactions through which humans generate energy in the presence of oxygen via the oxidation of acetyl COA.
The major factors that regulate the Krebs cycle is the concentration of ATP and NADH. The cycle is strictly controlled based on the level of energy available in the cells. The key regulatory enzymes for the cycle are isocitrate dehyrogenase and alpha ketoglutarate deydrogenase.
The false statement about cellular metabolism is that the Krebs cycle activity is solely dependent on the availability of substrate and is otherwise unregulated. In actuality, Krebs cycle activity is regulated by enzyme activity and cellular energy needs, especially levels of ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Explanation:The false statement among the given options about cellular metabolism is B) 'Krebs cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate; otherwise it is unregulated.' This is not accurate because Krebs cycle activity is regulated not just by substrate availability but also by enzyme activity and the cellular energy needs, especially those of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Furthermore, when energy levels are high, the cycle is inhibited.
Regarding the other statements, they are correct. A) Glycolysis is indeed inhibited when energy levels are abundant as excess energy signals the cell to slow down the breakdown of glucose. Similarly, C) In the electron transport chain, electrons do decrease in energy as they are shuttled from one electron carrier to another, converting stored energy to ATP. Lastly, D) The reactions of the Krebs cycle do take place in the mitochondrial matrix, specifically the matrix of the mitochondria where enzymes necessary for the cycle are located.
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I will mark the best answer brainliest!!!!!!!!!
I need help on the questions with the purple dot!
You didn’t add anything to show
Answer1+1=3
Explanation:
An earthquake decimates a ground-squirrel population, killing 98% of the squirrels. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes, on average, than the initial population. If broadness of stripes is genetically determined, what effect has the ground-squirrel population experienced during the earthquake?
directional selection
a founder event
disruptive selection
a genetic bottleneck
C: disrupted selection
The reduction in the ground-squirrel population because of an earthquake is an example of a genetic bottleneck. The surviving squirrels, all having broader stripes which is a genetic trait, will pass only these traits to succeeding generations, causing a shift in the gene pool and driving evolution.
Explanation:The ground-squirrel population has experienced a genetic bottleneck as a result of the earthquake. A genetic bottleneck refers to a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (like the earthquake in this case) leading to a decreased genetic diversity in the population. In other words, the surviving squirrels had broader stripes, which is a specific trait that will now be overrepresented in the population going forward, thus presenting an example of genetic bottleneck. This situation causes a shift in the gene pool, and only the traits of the surviving squirrels get passed on to successive generations, which can lead to evolution over time due to this genetic drift.
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Nutrients form digested food move from the digestive system directly into the
Nutrients move directly into the esophagus where it continues to be warmed and lubricated as it moves toward the stomach.
Letter D is the part of the cell that makes proteins. What is letter D? A) ribosomes B) chromosomes C) chloroplast D) golgi apparatus
A.) ribosomes, ribosomes are the protein makers.
Phosphatases are a family of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from specific proteins; these phosphate groups had been added to the proteins by protein kinases. Vanadate is an inhibitor of phosphatases in eukaryotic cells. What effect would vanadate have on the response of cells to signals received by receptor kinases? The response of the cell would be shorter than it normally would. The response of the cell would last longer than it normally would. The signal would still bind the receptor, so there would be no effect.
Answer:
The response of the cell would last longer than it normally would
Explanation:
Vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase activity, might induce the cell response through the stimulation of the receptor kinases.
Vanadate have on the response of cells to signals received by receptor kinases - The response of the cell would last longer than it normally would.
Vanadate is an inhibitor of phosphatases in eukaryotic cells, presence of the Vanadate in the cell will affect the function of the phosphatases enzyme.
The function of phosphatases is to remove the phosphate group from specific proteins.Vanadate would inhibit the removal of the phosphate group from specific proteins.which results in the response of the cells received by receptor kinases lasting longer than it normally would.Thus, Vanadate have on the response of cells to signals received by receptor kinases - The response of the cell would last longer than it normally would.
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Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?a. gene amplification contributing to cancerb. the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exonsc. the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNAd. the binding of transcription factors to a promotere. the folding of DNA to form heterochromatin
The correct answer is: b. the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons
Post-transcriptional regulation includes processes of regulation between transcription and translation such as RNA splicing, capping, addition of poly-A tail, RNA editing.
RNA splicing represents the process of RNA processing in which newly synthesized pre-mRNA transcript is converted into a mature mRNA. This process occurs only in eukaryotic organism and includes the removal of introns and joining together the exons. RNA splicing might occur during or immediately after transcription and it is performed by spliceosome (complex of small nuclear ribonucleo proteins).
Alternative splicing is a regulated process in which a single gene can code for multiple proteins because particular exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final mRNA.
The removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression (Option b).
What is posttranscriptional control?Posttranscriptional control refers to the mechanisms used by the cell to regulate gene expression after transcription.
Transcription is the process by which a fragment of DNA is used as a template to create a complementary RNA, usually an mRNA.Subsequently, this mRNA can be used to create a protein by the process of translation.In conclusion, the removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression (Option b).
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Which of the following statements about the import of protein to the nucleus is correct? Choose all that apply. a. An NLS can be a monopartite or bipartite signal which includes a significant number of basic amino acids. b. GTP is required for an importin to bind to an NLS of a protein destined to be localized to the nucleus. c. Ribosomal proteins must display an NLS to be localized to the nucleus, and an NES to be localized to the nucleolus. d. The recycling of importins back to their original conformation requires GTP hydrolysis in the cytoplasm.
The correct statements are:
• a. An NLS can be a monopartite or bipartite signal which includes a significant number of basic amino acids.
• d. The recycling of importins back to their original conformation requires GTP hydrolysis in the cytoplasm.
The other answers are incorrect because GTP is not required for an importin to bind to an NLS but for the release of importin and an NES or nuclear export signal is the sequence in a protein for export from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm, not to the nucleolus.
Explain how a shortage of water affects the health of your cells. Make sure to use words such as osmosis
im pretty sure a shortage of water means your cell wont get the nutrients they need
Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm hg less than the pressure in the alveoli. intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm hg less than the pressure in the alveoli.
a. True
b. False
The answer should be B
Yes, intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli. This pressure difference keeps the alveoli expanded, aiding in gas exchange in the lungs.
Explanation:The statement that Intrapleural pressure is normally about 4 mm Hg less than the pressure in the alveoli is true. Intrapleural pressure is the pressure inside the pleural cavity, which is the thin, fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae of each lung. The pressure in the intrapleural space is usually less than the pressure in the alveoli during the entire respiratory cycle. This pressure difference is important as it keeps the alveoli expanded, helping in the process of gas exchange in the lungs.
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The ribosome is important for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds. Which of the following statements is true? (a) The number of rRNA molecules that make up a ribosome greatly exceeds the number of protein molecules found in the ribosome. (b) The large subunit of the ribosome is important for binding to the mRNA. (c) The catalytic site for peptide bond formation is formed primarily from an rRNA. (d) Once the large and small subunits of the ribosome assemble, they will not separate from each other until degraded by the proteasome.
The correct answer is: c) The catalytic site for peptide bond formation is formed primarily from an rRNA
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) together with proteins is the major component of the ribosome. rRNA is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms. Ribosomes contain two major rRNAs (and abot 50 proteins) that form two ribosomal subunits, the large one and the small one. The large subunit rRNA has a function of ribozyme: catalyzes peptide bond formation.
The true statement about ribosomes is that the catalytic site for peptide bond formation is predominantly formed from an rRNA. Ribosomes are composed of both rRNA and proteins where rRNA has a crucial role in catalyzing peptide bond formation between amino acids.
Explanation:The correct statement regarding ribosomes is option (c) - The catalytic site for peptide bond formation is formed primarily from an rRNA. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes a significant proportion of the ribosome and plays a critical role in protein synthesis by catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between two aligned amino acids. This is done at the catalytic site, which is primarily formed by rRNA.
Regarding the other options, (a) is not fully accurate because the number of rRNA molecules does not necessarily greatly exceed the number of protein molecules in a ribosome. (b) While the ribosome's large subunit does play a role in protein translation, it is the small subunit that is primarily responsible for binding the mRNA.
Finally, in reference to option (d), the large and small subunits of a ribosome can and do disassemble and reassemble as needed for protein synthesis. They are not in a permanent state of assembly until degraded by the proteasome.
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Which of the following observations did Mendel make as a result of his experiments with dihybrid crosses?
A) Dominant traits are inherited together.B) Different traits are inherited separately.C) Recessive traits are inherited unpredictably.D) Similar traits are inherited in pairs.
The correct answer is: B) Different traits are inherited separately.
Mendel’s conclusions as a result of his experiments with dihybrid crosses are known as Mendel’s laws.
• Mendel’s law of Segregation: During the gametes formation (meiosis), alleles are separated so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene
• Mendel’s law of Independent Assortment: The segregation of alleles of one gene is independent to that of any other gene
Mendel also defined the Principle of Dominance: Recessive alleles will be masked by dominant alleles when are together in heterozygous genotype.
The observation did Mendel make as a result of his experiments with the dihybrid cross was different traits are inherited separately. So, the correct option is B.
What is a Dihybrid cross?
When two characters are considered together, such a cross is known as the Dihybrid cross. It can also be derived from two monohybrid crosses.
Mendel performed his experiment on the pea plant and gave some laws, known as Mendel laws.
Law of segregation: Segregation of one allele of one gene doesn't disturb the segregation of another allele of the second gene.Law of independent assortment: When two or more characters are inherited together then alleles of such genes assort independently in the gametes and produce maximum possible genotypes.The principle of Dominance is also proposed by Mendel, in which the dominant allele masked the effect of the recessive allele.
Therefore, out of the given options, the observation did Mendel make as a result of his experiments with the dihybrid cross was different traits are inherited separately.
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Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include
A) lots of fresh water flowing across the gills of a fish.
B) lots of seawater, such as a bird living in a marine environment.
C) lots of seawater, such as a marine mammal (e.g., a polar bear).
D) a terrestrial environment, such as that supporting crickets.
E) a moist system of burrows, such as those of naked mole rats.
The correct answer is: A) lots of fresh water flowing across the gills of a fish.
Nitrogenous wastes, formed by the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids (both contain nitrogen in their structure) tend to form toxic ammonia. Since it is toxic and raises the pH of body fluids it requires ATP and large quantities of fresh water to dilute it out of a biological system. So, only aquatic animals tend to release ammonia into the water (terrestrial animals release urea or ureic acid). Animals that excrete ammonia are said to be ammonotelic.
Which of the following is true of the endocrine system but not the nervous system?
A) directs long term processes such as pregnancy and puberty
B) communicates via chemical signals
C) regulates activities of muscles and glands
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
The answer to this is A.
The correct answer is D) A and B are correct. The endocrine system directs long-term processes such as pregnancy and puberty, and communicates via chemical signals called hormones, which are distinctly different from the nervous system's neurotransmitters.
The endocrine and nervous systems are both crucial for regulating body functions but operate through different mechanisms. The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream, signaling changes over a prolonged period, ranging from minutes to years. This system is responsible for managing and maintaining body processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The nervous system, conversely, acts rapidly through electrical impulses, regulating short-term reactions like muscle movements and glandular activities. Both systems tightly integrate to maintain homeostasis and respond to internal and external environmental changes, but it is specifically the hormonal communication and control of long-term body processes that are characteristic of the endocrine system.
Why is there no rock record of the Hadean period?
A. Rocks only formed near subduction zones during this period.
B. The lack of ozone prevented rock formation.
C. Earth's temperature was too high for solid rocks to form.
D. Only metamorphic rocks formed during that period.
Earth’a temperature was too high for solid rock to form.
Answer:
Option C, Earth's temperature was too high for solid rocks to form.
Explanation:
During the Hadeon age ( some 4.6 billion years ago), the earth was at its initial stage of formation. By that time the temperature of earth was extremely high and extraterrestrial bombardments from other planets or celestial structures further raised the earth’s temperature. Due to such extremities and high temperature the rocks at the surface of earth could not solidify and hence no traces of rocks can be found from the Hadeon era.