Mr. F, age 46 years, has had a persistent unproductive cough for several months that did not respond to cough medications. Recently, he has developed a productive cough accompanied by fatigue, anorexia, and night sweats. Examination indicated abnormal chest sounds and weight loss. A chest radiograph showed a small cavity and infiltrate, the tuberculin test was positive, and the sputum sample contained a small amount of blood and numerous acid-fast bacilli, confirming the diagnosis of active tuberculosis.

Discussion Questions

1. Discuss the pathologic changes occurring during the development of active tuberculosis.

2. Discuss the transmission of TB and the conditions predisposing to the development of TB. (Include pertinent information on Diagnostic Testing)

3. Discuss the treatment of tuberculosis and the precautions involved for health care personnel

4. Suggest how family members or co-workers can protect themselves.

Answers

Answer 1

Final answer:

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. It can lead to the formation of tubercles in the lungs and the spread of bacteria to other organs.

Explanation:

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted between humans through the respiratory route. The bacterium is released in droplets when an infected individual coughs or exhales, and it can remain suspended in the air for several hours. Only a small percentage of individuals infected with M. tuberculosis progress to active TB disease, while the rest may maintain a latent infection. The disease can affect any tissue in the body but most commonly damages the lungs.

The pathologic changes that occur during the development of active tuberculosis include the formation of tubercles, or small round lesions, in the alveoli. The infection is walled off within these tubercles and a chronic immune response leads to tissue damage and the formation of a caseous center where the bacteria can grow and multiply. Tubercles may rupture, allowing bacteria to invade the bloodstream and spread to other organs.


Related Questions

You and a friend were in line for a movie when you noticed the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you were equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this? Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?
a. Your friend had an autoimmune disorder.
b. Your friend had antibodies to that virus.
c. You had an adaptive immunity to that virus.
d. Your friend had allergies.

Answers

The logical answer is C

You had a higher level of immunity  

Which of these is a flap pf tissue that closes the passage to the trachea and lungs?

A.esophagus
B.epiglottis
C.stomach
D.pharynx

Answers

B) its Epiglottis :) the epiglottis closes the passage of the larynx, not allowing anything to pass through the tRachea


What fat-soluble vitamin should Simon be particularly careful with as a supplement because of its greater likelihood of reaching toxic levels in his body?

Answers

Because Vitamins A and D (fat-soluble) are stored in the body, Simon should be particularly careful when consuming them in high amounts.  Consuming excess amounts of vitamin D can cause the body to absorb too much calcium and this can lead to excess calcium deposits in critical organs.  Vitamin A toxicity can cause loss of appetite, blurred vision, irritability, headache, and liver damage.  

Arlene has developed a disorder in which she occasionally stops breathing during her sleep this is called:

Answers

This is called sleep aphnea.

Menstruation is a normal body process is women. To be hygienic during this time frmales should ____ jmhs

Answers

Wash/shower at least daily and change pad/tampon regularly depending on flow.

Jeff wants to maintain his weight, so he should consume the same number of calories as he burns eat foods from only one food group decrease his caloric intake so it is lower than his caloric output increase his caloric intake so it is higher than his caloric output

Answers

This is a little confusing, but if you're asking which of the scenarios is correct the answer is that he should consume the same number of calories as he burns. If he were eating less, he would lose weight, and if he were eating more, he would gain weight. Eating food from only one food group is not healthy.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

consume the same number of calories as he burns  

Explanation:

If Jeff wants to maintain his weight, the most important thing is that he doesn't give up on healthy habits just because he has achieved the ideal weight. After all, everything that goes can come back. And if the subject is weight loss, the return of fats is proportional to their lack of discipline in eating and irregular exercise. The key to maintaining the ideal weight in this case is to be reeducated, replacing the habits that are harmful to health with actions that contribute to the well-being and proper functioning of the body. In addition, Jeff must maintain an exercise routine that allows him to burn calories, in which case he should consume the same number of calories he burns.

How are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation different?

Answers

Intrinsic motivation arises from internal satisfaction, while extrinsic motivation arises from external rewards that is being obsessed by external things like money, prize etc. Like a man working in a firm just continue to work without enjoying it because of external motivation which is monthly payment, not the internal satisfaction.  

Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation:

Motivation helps person to repeat activities for achieving something or internal peace. So there are two types of motivation here, intrinsic and extrinsic.

The motivation which helps a person to relax the mind or satisfy his desire or learning something is called intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation can be doing Yoga or exercise daily for relieving stress or listening to music which keeps him happy etc. The extrinsic motivation is also the motivation which inspire the person to do some activity instead of which the person will achieve something. It can be doing exercise for weight loss or practicing singing for performing on concert etc.

Which of the following best describes an overdiagnosis bias?
a. Slow-progressing cases of disease with a better prognosis are more likely to be identified than faster-progressing cases of disease with a poorer prognosis;
b. Screening advances the time of diagnosis, making it difficult to evaluate survival;
c. Occurs when screening identifies an illness that would not have shown clinical signs before a person's death from other causes;
d. When the choice of study participants is healthier than the general population, making screening look good;
e. None of the answers listed;

Answers

Overdiagnosis is the diagnosis of "disease" that will never cause symptoms or death during a patient's ordinarily expected lifetime. Overdiagnosis is a side effect of screening for early forms of disease. Overdiagnosis occurs when a disease is diagnosed correctly, but the diagnosis is irrelevant.

Kyle wants to try out for the high school basketball team, but he needs to lose weight first by controlling his diet. List at least at least 3 characteristics of a good diet.


In a Paragraph please!

Answers

Kyle is wanting to loose weight, he needs to first get a step watch if he can get it in his budget. If he can wear it often and use it to track his steps. He needs to set a goal of how many steps. He also needs to drink lots of water. Next, he needs to exercise daily. He also needs to get a goods nights reset. He should have a good diet then.

A healthy diet is more successful if you balance the food you eat with physical activity.

True

False

Answers

True because healthy eating comes from a healthy physical activity

True because if you eat junk food and simultaneously perform squats then your belly will not be able to handle both situations at a time so you must have to stop eating junk food.

Jessica and Francis are best friends. Francis exercises every day, but Jessica is only once in a while. Based on the information you know, who is most likely to go to collage?

Answers

Jessica Francis too busy
Francis. He shows more patience and responsibility when it comes to something that is important to him. When they go to college, Jessica might go to a class only “once in a while.”

Scientists who study the anatomy of the systems in the human body focus their studies on

Answers

Scientists who study the anatomy of the systems in the human body focus their studies on the structure and form of an organism. Particularly, they examine the relationships among parts of the body, as well as the structure of individual organs.

For instance, the body has a skeletal system, muscles, and a circulatory system. Humans breathe, digest nourishment and reproduce, therefore, Anatomists study the individual elements that make up the different systems and organs, such as nerves, connective tissue, muscles, and skin.

Answer:

It is D

Explanation:

You're friend has had two beers at a party. Approximately how many hours will it take for his body to break down the alcohol

Answers

If you drink 1 pint of beer, it will take your body about 2 hours to break it down. For a man, it would probably take about less than 2 hours if he drank 24oz.

But it can vary depending on your weight, gender, age, metabolism, how much food you've eaten, and several other factors.

It can take your body several hours to leave your body, it could even still be in there the next day.

You suspect your friends has been using drugs for sometime but have been afraid to confront him he used to be very attractive guy that all the girls like but people are noticing that he is acting more aggressive and that his mouth is showing lots of rapid nto and gum decay which drug should you worry is taking

Answers

First drug I would suspect, due to the the gum decay and dental issues, is Methamphetamine aka Crystal Meth, then I would question Cocaine and/or Steroids, due to the aggressiveness. He could be using multiple drugs.

Final answer:

If you notice a friend with signs of drug use such as aggressive behavior and tooth decay, they may be using substances like methamphetamine ('meth'). Treatment options include medical detoxification, therapy, and support groups. It is critical to address the issue early and to provide non-confrontational support.

Explanation:

If you suspect that your friend has been using drugs and is exhibiting signs such as increased aggression and rapid tooth and gum decay, it is important to consider that these symptoms could point to the use of certain substance abuse, such as methamphetamine, commonly known as meth. Meth can cause severe dental issues, known as 'meth mouth,' due to its acidic content and other factors affecting oral hygiene. When considering which treatment options to explore for your friend, it's essential to focus on holistic and comprehensive care.

A successful recovery strategy might include a combination of therapies, including medical treatment for detoxification, psychological counseling, and support from substance abuse support groups. These groups and counseling can provide the necessary social support and help your friend understand the risks associated with drug use and develop healthier coping mechanisms. Early intervention is crucial, and so is a supportive and non-confrontational approach when you talk to your friend about getting help.

Keep in mind that drug abuse is often a result of socialization, where social norms and peer influence play a significant role. Recognizing and addressing these underlying social factors is an important part of the recovery process. As mentioned, the use of illegal drugs carries potential criminal consequences, and can also lead to health complications like infections, cancers, or chronic ailments, underscoring the importance of addressing the problem promptly.

Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder? A. social anxiety disorder B. post-traumatic stress disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. partial suppression disorder Please select the best answer from the choices provided. A B C D

Answers

Answer:

Partial Supression D

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

True or False: At the beginning of each year, you will receive a W-4 form, which will tell you how much money you have earned.

Answers

False. A W-4 form is a form you fill out to figure out how much of your paycheck will go to taxes. I have had to fill one of these out before.

It will be false because it only sees how much you have earned.

How has your physical fitness improved since taking the Outdoor Education course? Give reasons for your answer.

Answers

Final answer:

Physical fitness can improve through involvement in an Outdoor Education course by providing increased exercise and diverse physical challenges, building muscle strength, and improving cardiovascular health. Additionally, increased confidence and a greater appreciation for physical activity are common outcomes.

Explanation:

Physical fitness often improves through the engagement in outdoor activities, which is a core component of an Outdoor Education course. Participating in such a course could lead to a variety of health benefits due to the physical demands of outdoor excursions such as hiking, engaging with nature, and other forms of exercise.

For instance, hiking in various terrains can improve cardiovascular health and build muscle strength. Outdoor play and exploration may also lead to a healthier heart and brain, driving an enthusiasm for physical activity. This effect could combat the trends of decreased outdoor play and increased childhood obesity rates, as mentioned in studies by Clements (2004) and Karnik & Kanekar (2012).

Furthermore, the exposure to different environments and challenges during an Outdoor Education course can build confidence in one's physical abilities. As noted by students in training sessions, there can be a noted increase in confidence which affects not just physical capabilities but extends to public speaking and taking action in a group setting.

Malik knows that he wants to be a medical assistant. He just wants the quickest way possible to get his certificate and hands-on training so he can start working and earning money right away. What education path should he consider

Answers

the path u shud follow is that of a community college that offers MA education and clinicals. This is usually a 2 yr. degree. the other option are online which sometimes dont offer phlebotomy training or IM injections. online offers a certificate, whereas a hands on class gives u the experience u need to get a job .....

Career/ Technical School or 2-Year Degree

Which of the following would not take place during exercise or vigorous physical activity? ANSWER
a. Unselected Bronchial dilation to increase ventilation
b. Unselected Increased digestive activity to allow more glucose absorption for energy
c. Unselected Constriction of visceral blood vessels to supply more blood to the heart and skeletal muscle
d. Unselected Increased glucose release from the liver to provide increased energy to cells
e. Unselected Decreased urinary tract motility

Answers

Match the following receptor with its target organ: muscarinic receptors ... Which of the following would NOT take place during exercise or vigorous physical activity? increased .... memory of frightening events causing a sympathetic response.


Is it true that you can use alcohol based hand rubs instead of hand washing if caring for someone with a C.Diff ?

Answers

Yes it’ll kill viruses and bacteria

Alcohol-based hand rubs are not suitable for eliminating Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) spores, and handwashing with soap and water is necessary to remove these spores effectively.

Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacteria that is resistant to many hand sanitizers, especially alcohol-based solutions because it forms spores that are not killed by alcohol. The CDC recommends thorough handwashing with soap and water as the most effective way to remove C. diff spores.

Alcohols are bactericidal and fungicidal and can be effective against some viruses but are not sporicidal. This means that they do not effectively kill bacterial spores like those produced by C. diff. Hand sanitizers containing alcohols work by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, but they should not replace handwashing in certain clinical situations, especially when dealing with C. diff infections.

When there is no visible dirt, alcohol-based hand rubs can sanitize hands effectively by denaturing proteins and disrupting the membranes of certain microbes. Yet, with C. diff, only handwashing with soap and water is capable of mechanically removing the spores from the skin.

Kinetic learners tend to create procedures budgets agendas or itineraries to make things more understandable.

true

false

Answers

The statement given is False.

A kinetic learner is someone who learns best through executing physical activities, such as mimicking someone’s movements. Someone who prefers to create procedures, budgets, agendas, or itineraries might be someone who is a visual learner. A visual learner is someone who learns faster when they use graphs, charts, and other visual cues. Both kinetic and visual are a part of group of learning styles known as VARK (visual, auditory, reading/writing, kinesthetic).

What type of drugs kill pain by blocking impulses at specific receptor sites of the brain and spinal cord

Answers

I'm not sure if you're supposed to have answer choices, but after a bit of research, I can conclude that your answer is:

Narcotic Analgesics: a drug that kills pain by blocking impulses at specific receptor sites of the brain and spinal cord.


Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that: female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception. blood pressure rates decrease during the plateau phase and increase during orgasm. the resolution phase of the female sexual response cycle is especially lengthy following multiple orgasms. conception is not possible without the occurrence of male orgas

Answers

Female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception.

The reserach finds that;

Female orga//sm does not directly increase the likelihood of conception.Blood pressure rates tend to increase during the se--xual response cycle, including the plateau phase and orgasm.The length of the resolution phase can vary among individuals and is not universally lengthy following multiple orgasms.Conception is possible without the occurrence of male orga//sm.

What are the research results?

The likelihood of conception increases as a result of female orga//sm, albeit this relationship is indirect. Instead of aiding in conception, it is assumed that female orgasms serve primarily as a means of pleasure and bonding. It is still possible to conceive without a female orgasm.

Blood pressure rates normally tend to rise throughout the se--xual response cycle, including the plateau period and orga//sm. Blood pressure rates fall during the plateau phase and rise during climax. The extent of the rise might differ from person to person, and variables including general health and physical exertion during se--xual engagement can affect blood pressure reactions.

Learn more about human se--xual response cycle:https://brainly.com/question/32545256

#SPJ6

Bernhard is a football player on your university football team and he is eating high amounts of protein. Considering his high protein intake, how should he adjust his water intake and why?

a) He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products.
b) He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the heart pump the protein more efficiently to the muscles.
c) He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that a more concentrated source of protein gets to the muscles.
d) He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that the intestine more efficiently absorbs the protein that enters the intestinal tract.

Answers

Answer:

He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products.

Explanation:

Answer:

A - He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products.

Explanation:

HOPE I HELPED!!!

This is about Personal Hygiene.

you lose over ____ hairs each day.

A. 100
B. 3,000
C. 1,000

Answers

The answer to this is A. 100.

A person loses about 100 hairs per day. If the body excessivly loses hair, the medical term is telogen effluvium.

What is one way to prevent disorders of the sensory system?

A)wear a helmet when riding a bike

B)wear headphones when listening to music

C)avoid listening to music

D)avoid cardiovascular exercise

Answers

A. Wear a helmet when riding a bike

Answer:

A

Explanation:

:)

A person that drinks alcohol every night but does not think they have a problem, is in what stage of change?

Answers

In other words, their drinking may have a purely cognitive cause.  “moderation management”. Over time, a brain chronically exposed to alcohol also loses its ability to produce and use dopamine, one of the main chemicals that makes humans feel “good” or euphoric. The addicted brain is addicted. And it’s not one or two drinks the addicted brain wants.

The Person is in Denial

At 5:00 P.M., Megan fully cooked a turkey. She left it to sit out on the counter to cool. At 8:00 P.M., she decided to prepare turkey sandwiches. What advice would you give Megan? A. make sandwiches and freeze the leftover turkey B. make sandwiches and refrigerate the leftover turkey C. reheat the turkey, and then make sandwiches D. eat within the hour because she had thoroughly cooked the turkey E. throw it away

Answers

B for sure. It can refrigerate for a day or two before needing to be frozen, and there's no need to throw it out.

Answer:

B. make sandwiches and refrigerate the leftover turkey

Explanation:

This is a major problem because the turkey, if not refrigerated, can be damaged by contamination with microorganisms or insects. A turkey can be refrigerated for one or two days, and frozen lasts up to a year

Witch chronic disease may be prevented by regular to the dentist A Emphysema B. Allergies C diabetes D lung cancer

Answers

The answer is diabetes as dentists can pick up on the early signs.

Becky was the successful manager of a busy flower shop when she began to have panic attacks. At first, she only had them while out with her friends, so she stopped going out with her friends. Then she began having them in her car, so she stopped driving and had her roommate drive her to work everyday. Eventually, though, Becky began having panic attacks while at work. Because the fear and anxiety was so overwhelming, she stopped going to work and eventually got fired. Over the last month, Becky has been unable to leave her house because of the intense fear that another panic attack will surface. Becky likely suffers from

Answers

This sounds like a progressing anxiety disorder

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